Complementary counting solution for mini-question
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The total number of ways to color a graph like this
is the same as the number of ways to color a graph like this
minus the number of ways to color a graph like this
.
The number of ways to color a graph shown in graph #2 is justRemember that there would be a 1/3 probability for these two nodes to have the same color.
So there are a total of "bad" ways.
Thus, we get an answer ofIn other words, this is the same as
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@professionalbronco Really smart use of complementary counting! It's always super cool when a totally different solution is found. Great job!